Identifying and capturing the essence of the place is vital for the tourism business to do well. The temporary, shortterm movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and their activities during their stay at these destinations. Stanley plog s model of allocentricity and psychocentricity, a seminal tourism model, has been widely cited in the tourism literature and is included in virtually every hospitality and tourism text. August 30thseptember 2006 university of thessalydepartment of planning and regional development h.
Because of its intuitive appeal and simplicity, the model is found in most tourism and hospitality. Plogs model is considered seminal and has been widely cited in the tourism literature. It has to be pointed out that all the models proposed until now they are just descriptive and not relevant to the general tourism demand. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect, if any, that the tourist area life cycle stage has on the overall impact of a crisis on visitor arrivals. Jul 29, 2003 the book offers a unique historic perspective, based on the authors more than 35 years of experience as a consultant and researcher to industry leaders, along with case examples of how to increase tourism and grow the leisure travel market. Plog s venturesomeness concept has also been used as a. These will be displayed by the destination stage, the type of tourist and the destination responses. Even though, there is short of theory building within this discipline, scholars developed few key concepts in tourism such as tourism system leiper 1979, tourist typology plog 1974. Pdf a new perspective on the plog psychographic system. Today, destination management is an important subject in tourism studies. The activity is based on the work of plogs 2002 model of venturesomeness, which. According to woodside 2017, plog s model represents a foundational, noteworthy contribution to the theory of consumer behaviour in tourism. Stanley plog, 80, widely known as a travel research specialist and consultant, died in southern california on wednesday after a short illness. The current study argues that no single model can adequately explain tourists.
Psychocentric tourists are selfinhibiting, nervous, and nonadventurous. Allocentrics enjoy meeting people from foreign or different cultures. According to woodside 2017, plogs model represents a foundational, noteworthy contribution to the theory of consumer behaviour in tourism. Tourist typologies a theoretical intr oduction to tourism.
They dont like to experiment with accomodation, food or entertainment. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. To demonstrate that the psychographic factors can determine tourists options in order to choose a place for vacation. Plogs psychographic classification of tourists and travel motivation are given below. May 14, 2018 the purpose of this study is to discuss prevalent sociopsychological models which examine how tourists needs and motivations affect their destination choices by collectively considering plogs 1974 psychographic profiles, cohens 1979 tourist typology and peaces 1988 travel career ladder. A useful discussion of tourist motivation theory is provided by. The exploding business of travel and tourism hardcover.
Anyone interested in tourism management will value this book because of its breadth and scope. Plog in public is a teaching activity that takes the student out of the classroom to observe and explore the ways tourists drive destination change. While the people at the upper end of the income spectrum were found to be mainly allocentrics. Plog delineated these types of tourists according to personalitybased, psychographic traits along a. One of the bestknown models in the travel and tourism field is one proposed by stanley plog. It is always sad to leave a place to which one knows one will never return. Consisting of five sections and over fifty entries, this book covers nine of the most important. An allocentric person prefers to fly and to explore new and unusual areas before others do so.
This was identified as blackpool attracts a large number of repeat visitors visitors who return to blackpool year after year. Cabi centre for agriculture and biosciences inter cabi centre for agriculture a foreign language study. If an attractive place is turned into a destination, the place generates high revenue from tourism. Hsu professor and associate director based at the school of hotel and tourism management, the hong kong polytechnic university, hong kong, china. The theory parts also focus on the things that passengers focus on in a new destination and decision. He is widely known as a travel research specialist and consultant. Sage reference plogs model of typologies of tourists. Travel weekly posts obituary of leading tourism researcher.
Personality traits have a lot to account for in the decision making process, of where we choose to go on holiday. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. The newly revised 5th edition of tourism management is an excellent textbook, comprehensive and easy to read, that covers the fundamentals of tourism management issues with appropriate resources. Since the goods and services provided to tourists are really inputs to the process of producing the experience, demand for these. Plogs tourist types plogs tourism typology plogs tourist types plogs tourist types allocentric enjoy traveling independently, cultural exploration, often in aboveaverage income groups, seek adventurous experiences on holiday. Theories within tourism can be difficult, even confusing areas to understand. Popular tourism books showing 150 of 995 overbooked. Based on plogs theory, destinations on the psychocentricallocentric for hong kong residents can be grouped as follows. A tourist who seeks new experiences and adventure in a wide range of activities. Plog in public taking tourism theory to practice nrpa. The paper offers an invaluable practical interpretation of travel motivation and related management issues. Plogs discussed the tourist behavior and motivations based on the psychology of the tourists. An important subject in teaching tourism is how destinations change but because of the temporal component of change, that is not always easy to do in the classroom. Plogs model represents a foundational, noteworthy contribution to the theory of.
Pdf plogs model of typologies of tourists researchgate. Thirty years ago, the inclusion of a book on tourism within a series of introductory. If you are concerned with the heated issues of managing visitors and their impact as well as the future range of management problems that the tourism industry need to address, this is the book. For the allocentric, travel is a means to express inquisitiveness and satisfy curiosity. Tourist motivations a theoretical intr oduction to tourism. Plog in public taking tourism theory to practice joe pavelka mount royal university abstract an important subject in teaching tourism is how destinations change but because of the temporal component of change, that is not always easy to do in the classroom. Destination change consequences an introduction to tourism.
Tourists can be described as a particular group of tourists based upon their different psychological characteristics. At the same time, it has been scrutinized by a host of critics who questioned aspects of the models applicability and validity. Tourism theories is a website that puts the tourist in the centre of what is called tourism. The introductory chapter of the book provides an interesting study about tourism. Stanley plog 1974 cited plog 1991 developed a similar. In comparison, allocentric tourists are outgoing, selfconfident, and.
Plog classifies tourists into three categories as described below allocentric the wanderers. This entry discusses the history of plogs model, types of tourists and. Plogs venturesomeness concept has also been used as a. Mr stanley plog in 1974 holloway 6th ed, 2002 developed a theory, which classified the general us public into two desictive groups. Based on plogs theory destinations on the psychocentric. Tourism theory by guilherme lohmann, alexandre panosso netto. This is a blog for students, professionals of tourism and anyone interested in tourist sustainability all around the world. Tourist typologies tourists can be described as a particular group of tourists based upon their different psychological characteristics. Barbra bukenya and sini luostari problems faced by a. Description theories within tourism can be difficult, even confusing areas to understand. Consisting of five sections and over 50 entries, this book includes nine of the most important models in tourism study. Pdf plogs model of typologies of tourists oliver cruz. Consisting of five sections and over fifty entries, this book covers nine of the most important models in tourism study. A, canada australia india cambodia russia eastern europe south africa south american countries antarctica underdeveloped countries.
Plogs psychographic classification of tourists and travel. Looking at travel websites will provide you with evidence of how a place is being marketed. According to plogs classification of tourists and travel motivation theory 1974, blackpools tourists can be considered midcentric and psychocentric. Allocentric and psychocentric, tourism springerlink. An important subject in teaching tourism is how destinations. The book offers a unique historic perspective, based on the authors more than 35 years of experience as a consultant and researcher to industry leaders, along with case examples of how to increase tourism and grow the leisure travel market. An american researcher named plog mason 26 put forth his theory based on the psychology of tourists and these were published in 1973. Plog classifies tourists into three categories as described below. Venugopalan maslows theory of motivation its relevance and application among nonmanagerial employees of selected public and private sector undertakings in kerala thesis. However no person is a perfect exemplar of any personality type, plog, 2001, pg 15 with only.
Jun 25, 2016 coined by tourism researcher plog, these terms describe two types of personality. For us, the importance of tourism is what the tourist lives and experiences during his holiday and the role he or she can play in the sustainable development of a country. Problems and conflicts 46th congress of the european regional science association ersa enlargement, southern europe and the mediterranean. Table 12 shows the stages of butlers 1980 talc, plogs 2001 tourist types and subsequent destination responses to tourism. Plog is the architect of tourist definitions widely accepted within the travel and tourism industry. The book offers a unique historic perspective, based on the authors more than 35 years of experience as a consultant and researcher to industry leaders, along with case examples of how to increase tourism and grow the. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. With this as a framework, plog suggests it is possible to match destination patterns to. Plogs tourist types plog s tourism typology plogs tourist types plogs tourist types allocentric enjoy traveling independently, cultural exploration, often in aboveaverage income groups, seek adventurous experiences on holiday. Plogs model of personalitybased psychographic traits in tourism. Definition tourism is a collection of activities, services andindustries which deliver a travel experiencecomprising transportation, accommodation, eatingand drinking establishments, retail shops,entertainment businesses and other hospitalityservices provided for individuals or groupstraveling away from homethe sum of the.
Definitiontourism is a collection of activities, services andindustries which deliver a travel experiencecomprising transportation, accommodation, eatingand drinking establishments, retail shops,entertainment businesses and other hospitalityservices provided for individuals or. It is a multipurpose book, serving as classroom textbook, reference. Plog uses his more than 40 years of knowledge by mixing telling case studies with marketing theory. Coined by tourism researcher plog, these terms describe two types of personality. Within the spectrum of psychographic personality types a tourist can either be classified as a dependable or venturer plog, 2001.
Plogs theory of allocentric and psychocentric traveler types was the basis in this study which deals with psychological side of tourism behaviour and travel motivation factors when traveler chooses the destination. In comparison, allocentric tourists are outgoing, selfconfident, and adventurous. A tourist who seeks new experiences and adventure in a wide. As a travel professional with more than 30 years experience of tourism marketing i have never read a better book on destination marketing. Stanley plog, an american researcher came up with a theory in which he classifies travelers in two main sectors followed by three subsections according to their. Plog did most of his work in the private sector, but published several books on travel, and was also the author of work on travel motivations and destination life cycles which is still widely cited and discussed. This person is outgoing and selfconfident in behavior. In another book plog 2004 elaborated that in addition to venturesomeness. They seek destinations that are unfamiliar and with totally diferrent culture and environments. By virtue of intensive study, plog further revealed an interesting phenomenon.
Nowadays there is a heartfelt need to understand the tourism and its development. His ideas have had a strong influence on travel marketing. Consisting of five sections and over fifty entries, this book covers nine of the most important models in. Mar 25, 2011 therere as many different types of holidays and tourists destinations, as there are people. Developed from the successful portuguese textbook teoria do turismo, tourism theory provides clear and thorough coverage of all aspects of tourism theory for students and researchers of tourism.
Further, this book gives a graphic picture about manila declaration on world tourism, religious, spiritual, cultural and holiday tourism, international organization and tourism, accommodation, travel agency, documents and development of tourism in india along with tourist centres in india in an exhaustive and lucid manner. Sep 19, 2015 coined by tourism researcher plog, these terms describe two types of personality. The theory parts also focus on the things that passengers focus on in a. The way a tourism product is being marketed might provide you with evidence of the type of tourist they seek to attract see figure 3 below.
Butler makes reference to advertising and marketing as a factor in tourism development. Tourist motivations explain the factors in which influence a tourist to travel. The study also provides a clear picture of concept of tourism, history of travel, types of tourism, tourism in modern period, nature of tourism, components and elements of tourism, basic reasons and motivation for travel. According to plog, destinations rise and fall in popularity because they appeal to specific types of tourists over time, and follow a relatively predictable pattern of growth and decline in popularity. Plogs theory was based on a case study conducted on new york residents and their attitudes to travel. In plogs psychographic typology, tourists are classified based on personality. The purpose of this study is to discuss prevalent sociopsychological models which examine how tourists needs and motivations affect their destination choices by collectively considering plogs 1974 psychographic profiles, cohens 1979 tourist typology and peaces 1988 travel career ladder. Psychocentrics likes to visit familiar environments or ciltures. Macau shezhen guangzhou singapore bangkok kuala lumpur western europe vietnam u.